云南富宁良子老寨钛铁矿成矿规律和矿床成因

云南富宁地区钛铁矿是我国重要的钛铁矿矿床,成矿条件优越。本文对良子老寨矿区残坡积风化壳型钛铁砂矿床的地质特征、矿体、矿石特征进行了总结和研究,探讨了矿床的矿床成因和成矿规律。海西—印支期偏碱性基性钛辉辉长辉绿岩体为该区钛铁矿的形成提供了物质来源。富宁地区温热潮湿多雨气候有利于风化作用形成,岩体出露地表后,岩体中的钛矿物经风化剥离、水解作用、次生富集、原地残留或近距离搬运沉积,形成了残坡积风化壳型钛铁砂矿床。陡坡、临近河流区域矿体厚度薄,风化作用弱部位品位低;山脊缓坡、河谷阶地、地形低凹地段矿体厚度较大、品位高。本文研究成果能够指导滇东南地区残坡积物风化壳内钛矿的找矿工作。     

基于集员未知输入观测器的风力机桨距执行器故障诊断

风力机一般放置在恶劣的环境中,其桨距执行器极易出现故障。文中针对一类含有未知但有界干扰和噪声的风力机系统的桨距执行器故障问题,设计了集员未知输入观测器对桨距的执行器故障进行检测并分离。采用气动机理和现代辨识原理建立风力机系统模型,通过优化未知输入观测器设计对系统中的干扰解耦,基于中心对称多胞体估计不考虑故障时残差的区间包络,并将其作为残差估计的上下动态阈值,实现状态估计。在上述基础上提出了利用一组集员未知输入观测器进行故障诊断的策略。仿真结果表明,在实验过程中,文中所设计的集员未知输入观测器准确地诊断出了风力机桨距执行器的3阶和5阶线性系统在发生突变故障和缓慢时变故障的时间和位置,证明了所提故障诊断策略的有效性。     

Development of a probabilistic algorithm of surface residual materials on Si3N4 ceramics under longitudinal torsional ultrasonic grinding

Longitudinal torsional ultrasonic-assisted grinding (LTUG) is one of the main methods to achieve high-quality and high-efficiency machining of high-performance ceramic materials. However, it isn't easy to accurately characterize the three-dimensional (3-D) surface topography due to multiple random factors during LTUG. Aiming at the complex surface features caused by multiple random factors in the LTUG of Si3N4 ceramics, a probabilistic algorithm for the height of residual material on the surface (HRMS) in LTUG of Si3N4 ceramic was proposed, and the prediction model for the 3-D surface topography and 3-D surface roughness parameters of Si3N4 ceramics in LTUG was established by using this algorithm. Simulation and experimental results show that the prediction model of 3-D surface topography and 3-D surface roughness established by the HRMS algorithm can more realistically predict the general characteristics of 3-D surface topography in LTUG under different process parameters, and the error range of the 3-D surface roughness parameter is 0–14.07%, which realizes the high-precision and high-reliability prediction of the 3-D surface topography and 3-D surface roughness parameters of the Si3N4 ceramic under LTUG.     

Comparison of 3-breed rotational crossbreds of Montbéliarde,Viking Red,and Holstein with Holstein cows fed 2 alternative diets for dry matter intake,production, and residual feed intake

The objective of this study was to compare 3-breed rotational crossbred (CB) cows of the Montbéliarde, Viking Red, and Holstein (HO) breeds with HO cows fed 2 alternative diets for dry matter intake (DMI), fat plus protein production (CFP), body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), feed efficiency, and residual feed intake (RFI) from 46 to 150 days in milk (DIM) during first lactation. The CB cows (n = 17) and HO cows (n = 19) calved from September 2019 to March 2020. Cows were fed either a traditional total mixed ration diet (TRAD) or a higher fiber, lower starch total mixed ration diet (HFLS). The HFLS had 21% more corn silage, 47% more alfalfa hay, 44% less corn grain, and 43% less corn gluten feed than the TRAD. The 2 diets were analyzed for dry matter content, crude protein, forage digestibility, starch, and net energy for lactation. The BW and BCS were recorded once weekly. Daily milk, fat, and protein production were estimated from twice monthly milk recording with random regression. Measures of efficiency were CFP per kilogram of DMI and DMI per kilogram of BW. The RFI from 46 to 150 DIM was the residual error from regression of DMI on milk energy, metabolic BW, and the energy required for change in BW. Statistical analysis of all variables included the fixed effects of diet, breed group, and the interaction of diet and breed group. The CB cows fed HFLS had less DMI (?12%) and lower DMI/BW (?14%) compared with the HO cows fed TRAD. For CFP, CB and HO cows were not different when fed TRAD or HFLS. Furthermore, the CB cows fed HFLS had higher BW (+50 kg) compared with HO cows fed HFLS. The CB cows fed TRAD had higher BCS than HO cows fed TRAD and HO cows fed HFLS (+0.46 and +0.62, respectively). The HO cows fed TRAD had more DMI (+14%) and lower CFP per kilogram of DMI (?12%) compared with the HO cows fed HFLS. In addition, mean RFI from 46 to 150 DIM was lower and more desirable for CB cows fed HFLS (?120.0 kg) compared with HO cows fed TRAD (85.3 kg). Dairy producers may feed either TRAD or HFLS to CB cows without loss of CFP.     

基于MSC的板材冷轧残余应力分布的数值仿真

利用MSC软件建立了轧制过程的力学模型,采用弹塑性大变形有限元法,对典型铝板材冷轧后的残余应力分布进行数值仿真。仿真结果表明,在压缩量较小时,板材表面是残余压应力,心部是残余拉应力,在压缩量较大时,表面为残余拉应力,内层则呈残余压应力,且分布不均匀,压缩量过大引起的残余应力的分布不利于板材的抗疲劳能力     

湖北省大冶铁矿区内矿石磁性特征分析

从磁铁矿矿石的磁性差异入手,对铁(铜)矿床中各矿体的矿石磁性特征进行了系统的研究,得出大冶铁矿铁(铜)矿床是一个磁性特征变化较大的矿区,影响磁铁矿矿石磁性特征的主要因素为矿石的矿物组成、化学成分以及矿石的结构和构造。     

矿井综合防尘技术在山脚树矿的应用

主要介绍了综合防尘技术在矿井中的应用,详细介绍了采煤机负压引射控尘、液压支架自动喷雾、粉尘浓度在线监测超限自动喷雾等技术。综合防尘技术为工作面建立起了立体防尘,解决了工作面主要产尘源的问题,改善了工作面能见度低、影响工人身体健康的情况。     

毛乌素沙漠区广域适应型保水安全厚度计算及开采影响分区评价

毛乌素沙漠区多个近地表含水层支撑着区域生态环境、生产和生活,开展保水采煤研究势在必行。而"保水安全厚度"计算作为保水采煤研究的核心内容,由于各近地含水层的性质以及所处垂向位置的差异,导致了针对毛乌素沙漠区的保水安全厚度计算方法适用范围有限、缺乏统一性。通过分析毛乌素沙漠区内含隔水层在垂向和平面上的展布特征、水文地质性质,结合不同区域内的工程地质条件和开采方法,探讨了保水安全厚度的定义。将煤层之上地层划分为目标保护层、预测导水段(导水裂隙带发育段)和等效保水段(由有效黏土隔水层和基岩层组成的保水段)。利用水均衡法分析了黏土隔水层与基岩层间的保水性能关系,通过"保水比例系数"形成了黏土隔水层与基岩层间统一的等效保水段计算方法。建立了具有能够适用毛乌素沙漠区内"沙-基(岩)型开采区"、"沙-土-基(岩)型开采区"、"沙-土-洛(洛河组含水层)-基型开采区"、"烧变岩型开采区"等主要不同地质条件的保水安全厚度计算模型。根据导水裂隙带的发育高度与黏土隔水层、基岩层间的导通特征以及煤水间距与保水安全厚度的大小关系,制定了煤层开采影响的自然保水区、一般失水区和严重失水区的分区标准。并以榆神矿区小保当煤矿为例,应用建立的统一模型确定了小保当井田内砂-基型和砂-土-基型开采区内的保水安全厚度,并据此评价了煤层开采对潜水含水层的影响。所建立的保水安全开采厚度计算模型以及开采分区评价标准具有良好的适应性,也为保水采煤研究中有关保水安全厚度的计算和煤层开采对上覆含水层的影响评价提供了新思路。     

复合井壁技术在淮北矿区的应用和发展

本文较详细地总结了淮北矿区复合井壁由试验到推广应用的发展过程,系统地总结了复合井壁发展各个阶段的技术特点及其取得的社会与经济效益。并在此基础上阐述了复合井壁产生与发展的必然性。文章通过对大量现场观测资料与数据的分析,重点揭示了复合井壁中砌块、中间夹层、泡沫塑料板、夹层注浆、无壁座施工等各个环节的作用机理和井壁不裂不漏的客观规律。文章还进一步展望了深井冻结施工井壁结构的发展前景,提出了合乎我国国情的井壁增强减薄的具体途径。并就采用硅粉混凝土增强减薄井壁提出了建设性意见。